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Go语言教程之边写边学：基础练习：从当前日期和时间获取年、月、日、小时、分钟和秒

下面的程序使用解析函数从当前日期和时间获取年、月、日、小时、分钟和秒。Clock函数用于返回时间T指定的一天内的小时、分钟和秒。

示例代码：

package main
 
 import (
         "fmt"
         "time"     
 )
 
 func main() {       
    currentTime := time.Now()        
    fmt.Println("\n######################################\n")
    fmt.Println(currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))
     
    fmt.Println("\n######################################\n")   
    timeStampString := currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")    
    layOut := "2006-01-02 15:04:05"     
    timeStamp, err := time.Parse(layOut, timeStampString)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)          
    }   
    hr, min, sec := timeStamp.Clock()
     
    fmt.Println("Year   :", currentTime.Year())
    fmt.Println("Month  :", currentTime.Month())
    fmt.Println("Day    :", currentTime.Day())
    fmt.Println("Hour   :", hr)
    fmt.Println("Min    :", min)
    fmt.Println("Sec    :", sec)    
     
    fmt.Println("\n######################################\n")   
    year, month, day := time.Now().Date()
    fmt.Println("Year   :", year)
    fmt.Println("Month  :", month)
    fmt.Println("Day    :", day)
     
    fmt.Println("\n######################################\n")          
    t := time.Now()
     
    y := t.Year()
    mon := t.Month()
    d := t.Day()
    h := t.Hour()
    m := t.Minute()
    s := t.Second()
    n := t.Nanosecond()
     
    fmt.Println("Year   :",y)
    fmt.Println("Month   :",mon)
    fmt.Println("Day   :",d)
    fmt.Println("Hour   :",h)
    fmt.Println("Minute :",m)
    fmt.Println("Second :",s)
    fmt.Println("Nanosec:",n)
}

输出：

######################################

2017-08-27 18:11:54

######################################

Year    : 2017
Month   : August
Day     : 27
Hour    : 18
Min     : 11
Sec     : 54

######################################

Year    : 2017
Month   : August
Day     : 27

######################################

Year   : 2017
Month   : August
Day   : 27
Hour   : 18
Minute : 11
Second : 54
Nanosec: 319513100

Go语言教程之边写边学：基础练习：以各种格式获取当前日期和时间

在日常开发中我们需要展示各类不同需求的时间格式，以下是通常使用的时间格式输出方式。

示例代码：

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
func main() {
 
    currentTime := time.Now()
 
    fmt.Println("Current Time in String: ", currentTime.String())
     
    fmt.Println("MM-DD-YYYY : ", currentTime.Format("01-02-2006"))
     
    fmt.Println("YYYY-MM-DD : ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02"))
     
    fmt.Println("YYYY.MM.DD : ", currentTime.Format("2006.01.02 15:04:05"))
     
    fmt.Println("YYYY#MM#DD {Special Character} : ", currentTime.Format("2006#01#02"))
     
    fmt.Println("YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss : ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))
         
    fmt.Println("Time with MicroSeconds: ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05.000000"))
     
    fmt.Println("Time with NanoSeconds: ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05.000000000"))
     
    fmt.Println("ShortNum Month : ", currentTime.Format("2006-1-02"))
     
    fmt.Println("LongMonth : ", currentTime.Format("2006-January-02"))
     
    fmt.Println("ShortMonth : ", currentTime.Format("2006-Jan-02"))
     
    fmt.Println("ShortYear : ", currentTime.Format("06-Jan-02"))
     
    fmt.Println("LongWeekDay : ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 Monday"))
     
    fmt.Println("ShortWeek Day : ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 Mon"))   
     
    fmt.Println("ShortDay : ", currentTime.Format("Mon 2006-01-2"))
     
    fmt.Println("Short Hour Minute Second: ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 3:4:5"))   
     
    fmt.Println("Short Hour Minute Second: ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 3:4:5 PM"))    
     
    fmt.Println("Short Hour Minute Second: ", currentTime.Format("2006-01-02 3:4:5 pm"))    
}

输出：

Current Time in String:  2017-07-04 00:47:20.1424751 +0530 IST
MM-DD-YYYY :  07-04-2017
YYYY-MM-DD :  2017-07-04
YYYY.MM.DD :  2017.07.04 00:47:20
YYYY#MM#DD {Special Character} :  2017#07#04
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss :  2017-07-04 00:47:20
Time with MicroSeconds:  2017-07-04 00:47:20.142475
Time with NanoSeconds:  2017-07-04 00:47:20.142475100
ShortNum Month :  2017-7-04
LongMonth :  2017-July-04
ShortMonth :  2017-Jul-04
ShortYear :  17-Jul-04
LongWeekDay :  2017-07-04 00:47:20 Tuesday
ShortWeek Day :  2017-07-04 Tue
ShortDay :  Tue 2017-07-4
Short Hour Minute Second:  2017-07-04 12:47:20
Short Hour Minute Second:  2017-07-04 12:47:20 AM
Short Hour Minute Second:  2017-07-04 12:47:20 am

Go语言教程之边写边学：基础练习：获取两个日期之间的小时、天、分钟和秒差 [未来和过去]

以下是计算两个时间之间之差的方法，具体到天，时，分，秒。

示例代码：

package main
 
import (
         "fmt"
         "time"
)
 
func main() {
loc, _ := time.LoadLocation("UTC")
now := time.Now().In(loc)
fmt.Println("\nToday : ", loc, " Time : ", now)
 
pastDate := time.Date(2015, time.May, 21, 23, 10, 52, 211, time.UTC)
fmt.Println("\n\nPast  : ", loc, " Time : ", pastDate) // 
fmt.Printf("###############################################################\n")
diff := now.Sub(pastDate)
 
hrs := int(diff.Hours())
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in Hours : %d Hours\n", hrs)
 
mins := int(diff.Minutes())
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in Minutes : %d Minutes\n", mins)
 
second := int(diff.Seconds())
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in Seconds : %d Seconds\n", second)
 
days := int(diff.Hours() / 24)
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in days : %d days\n", days)
 
fmt.Printf("###############################################################\n\n\n")
 
futureDate := time.Date(2019, time.May, 21, 23, 10, 52, 211, time.UTC)
fmt.Println("Future  : ", loc, " Time : ", futureDate) // 
fmt.Printf("###############################################################\n")
diff = futureDate.Sub(now)
 
hrs = int(diff.Hours())
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in Hours : %d Hours\n", hrs)
 
mins = int(diff.Minutes())
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in Minutes : %d Minutes\n", mins)
 
second = int(diff.Seconds())
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in Seconds : %d Seconds\n", second)
 
days = int(diff.Hours() / 24)
fmt.Printf("Diffrence in days : %d days\n", days)
 
}

输出：

Today :  UTC  Time :  2017-08-27 05:15:53.7106215 +0000 UTC


Past  :  UTC  Time :  2015-05-21 23:10:52.000000211 +0000 UTC
###############################################################
Diffrence in Hours : 19878 Hours
Diffrence in Minutes : 1192685 Minutes
Diffrence in Seconds : 71561101 Seconds
Diffrence in days : 828 days
###############################################################


Future  :  UTC  Time :  2019-05-21 23:10:52.000000211 +0000 UTC
###############################################################
Diffrence in Hours : 15185 Hours
Diffrence in Minutes : 911154 Minutes
Diffrence in Seconds : 54669298 Seconds
Diffrence in days : 632 days

Go语言教程之边写边学：基础练习：获取 EST、UTC 和 MST 中的当前日期和时间

示例代码：

package main
 
import (
         "fmt"
         "time"
)
 
func main() {
    t := time.Now() 
    z, _ := t.Zone()
    fmt.Println("ZONE : ", z, " Time : ", t) // local time
      
    location, err := time.LoadLocation("EST")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("ZONE : ", location, " Time : ", t.In(location)) // EST
  
    loc, _ := time.LoadLocation("UTC")
    now := time.Now().In(loc)
    fmt.Println("ZONE : ", loc, " Time : ", now) // UTC 
     
    loc, _ = time.LoadLocation("MST")
    now = time.Now().In(loc)
    fmt.Println("ZONE : ", loc, " Time : ", now) // MST
}

输出：

ZONE :  IST  Time :  2017-08-26 22:12:31.3763932 +0530 IST
ZONE :  EST  Time :  2017-08-26 11:42:31.3763932 -0500 EST
ZONE :  UTC  Time :  2017-08-26 16:42:31.3773933 +0000 UTC
ZONE :  MST  Time :  2017-08-26 09:42:31.3783934 -0700 MST

Go语言教程之边写边学：基础练习：获取今天是星期几，今天是今年的第几天，本周是今年的第几周？

Weekday返回t指定的星期几。YearDay返回t指定的一年中的某一天，非闰年的范围为 [1,365]，闰年的范围为 [1,366]。

示例代码：

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    t := time.Now() // 2024 01 03
	fmt.Println(t.YearDay())
	fmt.Println(t.Weekday())


	// 年度，第几周year, week := t.ISOWeek()
	fmt.Printf("year: %v\n", year)

	// Prints the week number
	fmt.Printf("week: %d\n", week)
}

输出：

3
Wednesday
year: 2024
week: 1

Go语言教程之边写边学：基础练习：如何获取带有本地时区的当前日期和时间

首先，需要配置时区，然后根据时区转换时间，LoadLocation返回具有给定名称的Location。

示例代码：

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    t := time.Now()
    fmt.Println("Location : ", t.Location(), " Time : ", t) // local time
     
    location, err := time.LoadLocation("America/New_York")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Location : ", location, " Time : ", t.In(location)) // America/New_York
 
    loc, _ := time.LoadLocation("Asia/Shanghai")
    now := time.Now().In(loc)
    fmt.Println("Location : ", loc, " Time : ", now) // Asia/Shanghai
}

输出：

Location :  Local  Time :  2017-08-26 21:04:56.1874497 +0530 IST
Location :  America/New_York  Time :  2017-08-26 11:34:56.1874497 -0400 EDT
Location :  Asia/Shanghai  Time :  2017-08-26 23:34:56.1884498 +0800 CST

Go语言教程之边写边学：web应用：获取Twitter趋势某个位置附近的热门主题标签

您想知道特定地理区域(例如加拿大、另一个国家或国家集团，甚至可能是整个世界)的Twitter趋势。Twitter的Trends API使你能够获取由Where On Earth(WOE)ID指定的地理区域的热门话题，该ID最初由Geo Planet定义，然后由Yahoo！
这是使用Twitter API获取位置附近趋势的Web应用程序的基本示例。
https://api.twitter.com/1.1/trends/place.json返回特定WOOID的前50个热门主题(如果有可用的热门信息)。与所有其他API一样，它将热门主题作为JSON数据返回，这些数据可以转换为标准Golang对象，然后使用列表推导式或类似技术进行操作。

在http://dev.twitter.com/apps的Twitter帐户下注册应用程序，并获取所需的凭据(使用者密钥、使用者密钥、访问令牌和访问令牌密钥)，OAuth应用程序需要这些凭据才能获得帐户访问权限。

安装软件包：

go get github.com/dghubble/oauth1

软件包oauth1提供了OAuth 1规范的Go实现，允许最终用户授权客户端(即消费者)代表他/她访问受保护的资源。

示例代码：main.go

能够处理GET和POST请求的函数viewHashTagHandler。ParseFiles创建一个新模板，并从hash_tags.html文件中解析模板定义。

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/dghubble/oauth1"
	"html/template"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
)

func getHashTags(country string) []string {
	var listHashTags []string

	consumerKey := "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
	consumerSecret := "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
	accessToken := "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
	accessSecret := "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

	if consumerKey == "" || consumerSecret == "" || accessToken == "" || accessSecret == "" {
		panic("Missing required environment variable")
	}

	config := oauth1.NewConfig(consumerKey, consumerSecret)
	token := oauth1.NewToken(accessToken, accessSecret)

	httpClient := config.Client(oauth1.NoContext, token)

	path := "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/trends/place.json?id=" + country

	resp, _ := httpClient.Get(path)
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)

	var JSON = strings.TrimLeft(string(body), "[")
	JSON = strings.TrimRight(JSON, "]")

	var info map[string]interface{}
	json.Unmarshal([]byte(JSON), &info)
	trends := info["trends"].([]interface{})

	for _, element := range trends {
		if trendList, ok := element.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
			for key, value := range trendList {
				// Filter hashtags started with #
				if strings.Contains(key, "name") && strings.Contains(value.(string), "#") {
					listHashTags = append(listHashTags, value.(string))
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return listHashTags
}

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/", viewHashTagHandler)
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

func viewHashTagHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.URL.Path != "/" {
		http.Error(w, "404 not found.", http.StatusNotFound)
		return
	}

	switch r.Method {
	case "GET":
		getPage, _ := template.ParseFiles("hash_tags.html")
		getPage.Execute(w, r)
	case "POST":
		var country string
		if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "ParseForm() err: %v", err)
			return
		}
		country = r.FormValue("country")
		tags := getHashTags(country)
		postPage, _ := template.ParseFiles("hash_tags.html")
		postPage.Execute(w, tags)
	default:
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Unable to get result.")
	}
}

示例代码：hash_tags.html

<html>
<head>
	<title>Trending hash tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="/">
     <select name="country">
      <option value="23424848">India</option>
      <option value="455830">Brazil</option>
      <option value="3369">Canada</option>
      <option value="1">Global</option>
    </select>
    <button type="submit">Show Trends</button>
</form>

<ul>
{{ range $key, $value := . }}
   <li>{{ $value }}</li>
{{ end }}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

运行程序：

go run main.go

这将在您机器上的端口8080上的Web服务器上开发一个静态网站。这也会启动您的浏览器导航到http://localhost:8080。

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